Enertopia is a word that combines the nouns “energy” and “utopia.” Enertopia is a country that generates over 50 percent of its own power needs and does much to encourage the use and the support of energy generation and efficiency. This book, Enertopia: An Affluent Society with Energy, is an autobiographic management essay on the basis of the author’s experience as CEO of the KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation). In this book Park describes the process of achieving “energy utopia” with his outstanding leadership and managerial style for the purpose of constructing a society with no shortage of energy. Contents    CHAPTER 1 Codes of Conduct    Communication …… 14    The Scent of a Human …… 18    Let’s Walk Energetically! …… 22    So Yes, I Had a Drink with the CEO …… 26    Jirisan Mountain …… 29    How Much Money Did You Receive from the Korean CIA? …… 33    CHAPTER 2 All Employees Promoted by One Rank    One Is 1. Five-fifths Is Still 1. …… 42    CHAPTER 3 Executive Secretary Lim Chang-geon    Bitter to the Mouth, Better for Your Health …… 50    CHAPTER 4 Hanil General Hospital    Vice Premier Shin Byeong-hyun …… 64    Noh Tae-il, Chief of the Department …… 69    CHAPTER 5 Number One in Management Assessment    Hanil General Hospital in Ssangmun-dong …… 76    The Apartment Business …… 79    The Kyunghyang Shinmun’s Grand Prize in Energy …… 85    Employees’ Vacation Resorts …… 88    CHAPTER 6 Wolseong Espionage Incident    “Jindogae One” Launch …… 92    Chinese Civilian Aircraft Flies over Restricted Air Space …… 98    CHAPTER 7 Cultivating Talent    Gongneung-dong Training Institute …… 102    Kori Nuclear Power Plant Training Center …… 107    Electric Power Research Institute in Daedeok …… 111    Securing (and Retaining) Talent …… 114    Sponsoring Youth Football Teams …… 119    CHAPTER 8 The Ninth Famous Spot in Eastern Korea    Gwandong Gukyung, the Gangneung Branch of KEPCO …… 124    CHAPTER 9 Settle Your Debts    “I’m Still Alive and Kicking.” …… 134    “Qìzhǎnmǎsù”(泣斬馬謖, Punishing the Favorite to Restore Order) …… 138    There Are No Secrets …… 143    CHAPTER 10 The 10th Asian Games    The CEO Must Run …… 150    Why Worry When You Can Pray? …… 155    CHAPTER 11 An Exciting Place to Work, A Life Worth    Living for: KEPCO    Corporate Philosophy …… 166    What Is the Problem? …… 171    An Exciting Workplace …… 174    Time Waits for No One …… 183    Heaven and Nature, and the Laws That Bind Them …… 188    The Pursuit of the Beauty …… 192    CHAPTER 12 Enertopia    Restoring Vision …… 202    Lim Han-que, Chief of the Division …… 206    The Loser’s Bitter Cup of Defeat …… 210    Crossing the Bridge of No Return …… 219    Three-Party Contracts …… 229    The Favored Son …… 239    To Continue, or Not, with Nuclear Power …… 246    To Resign, or To Not …… 253    Two Hundred Employees Parrot the Same Thing …… 257    The Grand Finale …… 260    APPENDIX    Photos ………… 263

This is an English edition of the bestseller comic book Far Countries, Neighboring Countries 9 - Korea (Sae Mon Nara Iun Nara 9 - Uri Nara). The book is to introduce real aspects of Korea that are sometimes misunderstood and unknown to foreigners. Through skillfully chosen subjects - e.g., spicy food, education fever, conglomerates, the tension between North and South Korea - Won-bok Rhie explores the unique manifestations of Korean attitudes that are often misunderstood by foreigners. It is a fascinating exploration of the Korean mindset that weaves together history, sociology and cultural anthropology. The insightful discussions on Korea's place between China and Japan, its more well-known neighbors, also clear the fog away as to who the Korean people are.About the authorWon-bok Rhie is one of Korea's most famous cartoonists. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in architecture at Seoul National University, he studied graphic design at Müster University in Germany, where he obtained the degree of Dipl. Designer. He is the author of numerous comic books that focus on introducing historical, cultural and economic issues to the layman. He also has run many comic strip series in Korea's most prestigious daily newspapers and magazines. Korea Unmasked is part of a 9-volume series of comic books on several European countries and Japan and Korea, all of which became bestsellers in Korea. Rhie is also a professor of graphic design at Duksung Women's University in Seoul, Korea. In 1993, he was awarded the prestigious Noonsol Award in recognition of his contributions to the development of the Korean cartoon industry. From 1998 to 2000, he also served as the president of the Korean Society of Cartoon and Animation Studies.Table of contentsForewordIntroduction1 Neighbors but Strangers : Korea, China and Japan2 The Korean People3 The Successes and Tribulations of the Koreans4 The Long and Treacherous Road to ReunificationTranslators' Notes : Jung Un, Louis Choi

Practitioners of Korean traditional medicine say the ultimate cause of disease is not so much the invasion of external elements but rather malfunctions in inherent bodily function. Since disease is considered to result from the weakening of vital energy, the emphasis is placed on boosting the body’s ability to defend against disease. Illness may be attributed to emotional states like joy or sorrow or to other internal causes such as overwork and fluctuations in the function of internal organs. Even diseases that appear to have external causes are ultimately seen as the products of internal factors. If one’s ability to fend off sickness is strong enough, then one will not get sick even if pathogens do enter the body. Thus, treatment focuses mainly on bolstering the body’s vital energy. Contents Introduction 6 Chapter 1What Is Korean Traditional Medicine? 10Origins and History | Differences from Western Medicine |Korean, Chinese and Japanese Traditions in Medicine Chapter 2Basic Principles and Philosophies 26Yin, Yang, and the Five Elements | The ‘Whole Body’ Concept |Meridians, Energy, and Blood | Internal Organs: The Five Viscera and Six Bowels Chapter 3Diagnosis: The Four Methods 40Visual Examination | Listening/Smelling | Inquiry | Palpation Chapter 4Methods of Treatment 48Acupuncture | Moxibustion | Herbal Medicine | Other Treatments Chapter 5Remedies for Common Conditions 68Cold | Menopausal Syndrome | Headaches | Melancholy and Rage |Chronic Fatigue | Conditions Related to Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Postpartum Treatment | Hair Loss Chapter 6Korean Medicine Today and Tomorrow 80New Trends | Modern Diagnostic Equipment | Globalizing Korean Traditional Medicine AppendixInformation 94

서문 / 4 일러두기 / 6 차례 / 10 Ⅰ 상징물 Embl?mes de la Cor?e 001 한글 Le hangeul -------------14 002 태극기 Le Taegeukgi -------------16 003 애국가 Aegukga , hymne national de Coree-------------18 004 무궁화 L’hibiscus-------------20 005 아리랑 Arirang ------------- 22 006 고려청자 Le celadon Goryeo -------------24 007 김치 Le kimchi-------------26 008 비빔밥 Le bibimbap -------------8 009 태권도 Le taekwondo-------------30 010 첨단 과학 기술 -------------32 La technologie scientifique de pointe Ⅱ 의식주 V?tements, cuisine, habitation 001 한복 Le hanbok , costume traditionnel coreen ------------- 36 002 불고기 Le bulgogi , barbecue coreen -------------38 003 인삼 Le ginseng ------------- 40 004 한국의 술 Les alcools coreens -------------42 005 젓갈/젓 Le jeotgal , ou jeot , saumurage -------------44 006 김장 Le gimjang , preparation du kimch -------------46 007 장독대 -------------48 Les jangdogkdae , la ou sont les jarres de pates fermentees 008 다례 Le darye , ceremonie du the -------------50 009 한옥 Le hanok , maison traditionnelle -------------52 010 온돌 L’ondol , chauffage par le sol -------------54 011 마당 Le madang, cour -------------56 012 전통 정원의 아름다움 -------------58 La beaute du jardin traditionnel Ⅲ 지리와 관광 G?ographie et tourisme 001 한반도 La peninsule coreenne -------------62 002 극동 아시아 속의 한국 ------------- 64 La situation geographique de la Coree dans l’Extreme Orient 003 계절과 날씨 Les saisons et le climat -------------66 004 한강 Le fleuve Hangang -------------68 005 서울의 고궁 Les palais anciens de Seoul -------------70 006 서울 남산 Namsan a Seoul -------------72 007 남대문과 남대문시장 -------------74 Namdaemun et son marche 008 동대문과 근처 시장들 -------------76 Dongdaemun et les marches dans les environs 009 인사동 Insadong -------------78 010 북촌한옥마을 ------------- 80 Bukchon, village de maisons traditionnelles coreennes 011 홍대 앞 거리 Quartier de l’Universite Hongik -------------82 012 강남 Gangnam -------------84 013 서울 지하철 Le metro de Seoul -------------86 014 제주도와 한라산 L’ile Jejudo et le mont Hallasan -------------88 015 경주와 경주 남산 Gyeongju et le mont Namsan -------------90 016 하회마을 Le village de Hahoe -------------92 017 부여와 백제 유적 -------------94 Buyeo et les vestiges du royaume de Baekje 018 부산과 자갈치시장 -------------96 Busan et le marche aux poissons Jagalchi 019 동해안과 설악산 국립 공원 -------------98 La cote de la mer de l’Est et le parc national du mont Seoraksan 020 다도해와 해상 국립 공원 -------------100 Dadohae et le parc national maritime 021 보성 차밭 Les champs de the de Boseong -------------102 Ⅵ 사회와 일상생활 Soci?t? et vie quotidienne 001 한국어 La langue coreenne -------------106 002 인구 La population -------------108 003 성과 이름 Le nom et le prenom -------------110 004 호칭 L’appellation -------------112 005 숫자 Les nombres -------------114 006 나이 L’age -------------116 007 결혼식 La ceremonie de mariage -------------118 008 교육 제도 Le systeme d’enseignement ------------- 120 009 대학 입학 시험 L’examen d’entree a l’universite -------------122 010 병역 의무 Le service militaire obligatoire -------------124 011 설날 Seollal, jour de l’An -------------126 012 추석 Chuseok, fete de la moisson ------------- 128 013 한의학 La medecine traditionnelle -------------130 014 노래방 Le noraebang -------------132 015 찜질방 Le jjimjilbang -------------134 016 단풍놀이 -------------136 L’excursion pour admirer les feuilles d’automne flamboyantes 017 등산 La randonnee en montagne -------------138 018 집들이 La pendaison de cremaillere -------------140 019 비상 시 긴급 전화 Les numeros d’urgence -------------142 Ⅴ 역사와 종교 Histoire et religions 001 단군 신화 Le mythe de Dangun -------------146 002 원효대사 Le grand moine Wonhyo -------------148 003 세종대왕 Sejong le Grand -------------150 004 이순신 장군과 거북선 -------------152 L’amiral Yi Sun-sin et Geobukseon , bateau en forme de tortue 005 신사임당 Sin Saimdang -------------154 006 이황 Yi Hwang -------------156 007 한국의 종교 Religions en Coree -------------158 008 고인돌 Les dolmens -------------160 009 무속 신앙 Les croyances chamaniques -------------162 010 점과 사주 La divination et les ≪quatre piliers≫ ------------- 164 011 선 Le seon (zen) ------------- 166 012 절 Les temples bouddhiques (Jeol ) ------------- 168 013 불국사와 석굴암 -------------170 Le temple Bulguksa et la grotte Seokguram 014 팔만대장경 Tripitaka Koreana -------------172 015 템플 스테이 Le temple stay ------------- 174 016 서원 L’ecole confuceenne privee (seowon ) -------------176 017 장례식, 제사, 차례 -------------178 Les ceremonies de funerailles, les rites pour les ancetres 018 천주교와 개신교 -------------180 Le catholicisme et le protestantisme 019 판문점 Le Panmunjeom -------------182 020 이산가족 Les familles separees -------------184 Ⅵ 예술과 문화 Art et culture 001 한지 Le hanji , papier coreen -------------188 002 택견 Le taekkyon -------------190 003 인쇄술 L’imprimerie -------------192 004 종묘 제례 Jongmyojerye -------------194 005 춘향전 -------------196 Chunhyangjeon , l’histoire de Chunhyang 006 판소리 Le pansori -------------198 007 시조 Le sijo ------------- 200 008 탈춤 Le talchum , danse masquee -------------202 009 풍속화와 민화 -------------204 Le pungsokhwa , peinture de moeurs et le minhwa , peinture populaire 010 전통 악기 -------------206 Les instruments de musique traditionnels 011 민속촌 Le Village folklorique -------------208 012 벚꽃놀이 La fete des cerisiers en fleurs ------------- 210 013 부산 국제 영화제 -------------212 Le Festival international du film de Busan 014 전주와 전주 축제들 Jeonju et ses festivals-------------214 015 세종문화회관, 국립 극장, 예술의 전당 ------------- 216 Le Centre culturel Sejong, le Theatre national, le Centre d’art 016 한류 Le Hallyu -------------218 017 K-드라마 K-drama ------------- 220 018 K-팝 K-pop -------------222 부록 정답 Corriges / 226 색인 Index / 234 사진 출처 Source des photos / 270

mit Stempel "Review copy" am Beschnitt This book is an introduction in English to the labor laws of the Republic of Korea. It is to help non-Korean-speaking people and foreign corporations understand how Korean labor law is interpreted and applied in practice.

This book shares poignant life lessons and words of wisdom as a cherished legacy passed down through generations. In this heartfelt narrative, the grandfather gently guides his beloved grandchildren on a journey of self-discovery and growth, revealing the profound values of fraternity, the joys of learning, the power of love, and the essence of a rich social life.Within these pages, a treasure trove of Korean tradition and culture awaits, delicately preserved by the author's unwavering dedication and desire to pass on his own hard-earned life lessons. As the world evolves, Grandfather's stories serve as a beacon, illuminating the path toward embracing heritage in a rapidly changing world.A tribute to the beauty of tradition and the enduring lessons of the past, this book resonates deeply with readers seeking connection, understanding, and the timeless wisdom that binds us all. Discover the richness of life's journey, beautifully crafted in the tender words of a loving grandfather for his cherished grandchildren and others in their generation. About the Translator Park is a freelance translator and former journalist who has worked at The Korea Herald and Arirang Radio. A graduate of the Medill School of Journalism, Media, and Integrated Marketing Communications at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., she earned her B.A. and M.A. degrees in Journalism in 2008 and 2010, respectively. She has interned at Women’s Health magazine and the United Nations headquarters in New York. She is the granddaughter of the author of this book. Table of Contents ForewordChapter 1 What Defines HumanityChapter 2 Honesty Becomes YouChapter 3 On ScholarshipChapter 4 On Training Your BodyChapter 5 Giving Back to SocietyChapter 6 Love and MarriageChapter 7 The Children's EducationChapter 8 MannersChapter 9 Home EconomicsChapter 10 Let's Live a Happy Life

Join the author on a captivating journey through the heart of South Korea, where personal experiences blend seamlessly with cultural insights and workplace adventures. Seoul Searching offers a unique perspective on Korean culture, life, and work, providing valuable information for Western expats looking to relocate to Korea and an engaging read for anyone curious about this dynamic nation and its people.In this enthralling narrative, the author shares how the idea for this book was born during an arduous twenty-six-mile hike along the Han River, a team-building event of the local firm he worked for that turned into an endurance test under unexpected snowfall. These moments of challenge and camaraderie were just one aspect of the author’s deep exploration of Korean society.Drawing from over twenty years of experience in the asset management industry, including work in a Korean corporation, the author provides a rare insider’s view of the intricacies of Korean corporate culture, hierarchy, and protocols. Unlike many other books about Korea, this author’s firsthand knowledge of the corporate world sets this volume apart.This book, however, is not limited to the workplace; it delves into the rich tapestry of Korean culture and politics. Amongst other events and insights, the author’s visits to the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) and North Korea offer gripping accounts of encounters with history and geopolitics.Seoul Searching is an informative and entertaining resource that combines personal stories with facts and figures about Korea. This book is your passport to understanding the diverse facets of Korea, making it an invaluable guide for those considering relocation and a delightful read for anyone interested in Korean culture. About the AuthorUrs Raebsamen, the author of this captivating book, which delves into the heart of Korean culture and corporate life, was born and raised in a Swiss village. But his journey of exploration and discovery took him to various countries and settings, including Switzerland, Malaysia, Korea, and Hong Kong.This author, with a master’s degree in business administration from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, has over two decades of experience in asset management. His career includes roles as an equity portfolio manager, client relationship manager, and investment specialist. Yet, beyond the office, he finds joy in travelling, skiing, and martial arts.A significant milestone in the author’s journey was serving on the Executive Committee at his employer’s asset management joint venture in Korea. This role provided unique insights into both Korean corporate life and culture, enriching his experiences and broadening his horizons.As a seasoned expert in financial markets and an avid traveller, the author offers readers an enthralling blend of practical insights, intriguing facts, and personal anecdotes in this book. This journey through Korean culture is bound to be both enlightening and inspiring. So, join the author as he takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through Korea’s vibrant tapestry.   Contents PREFACE 10 CHAPTER 1 ARRIVINGThe First Very Temporary Arrival in 2002 / 13Of Aggression and Friendliness / 14Cats Are Trouble / 20How Not to End Up in an Expat Bubble / 21Flamenco in the Wee Hours / 23 CHAPTER 2 BBALLI BBALLI (QUICK QUICK)Weddings / 29At the Hospital-Common Sense Is Not So Common / 31Technology Supports Speed / 34Reverse Culture Shock / 37Counterculture / 38 CHAPTER 3 AMERICA’S INFLUENCE AND DEMOCRACY IN KOREANot in Kansas Anymore-Or Rather Not in Europe Anymore / 44‘Be Careful Out There’ / 48East Meets West-Sometimes with Bewilderment / 49Baseball-Crazy, But No Craze Displayed When Cheering / 50The Fight for Democracy / 51Fairness Versus Negotiation / 56 CHAPTER 4 THE WAY TO A MAN’S HEART IS THROUGH HIS STOMACHHumble Culinary Beginnings / 59Na Zdarovye-Korean Drinking Etiquette / 62How Not to Die / 64The Creative Side of Drinking / 66Hoesik-What Koreans Do When They Don’t Work Long Hours / 68Letting One’s Hair Down / 70A Wealth of Culinary Surprises / 73Where’s the Tea? / 78Prove Your Chopstick Skills! / 81 CHAPTER 5 HOW TO SURVIVE AT WORKLooooong Working Hours and Few Holidays / 87It Starts at a Very Early Age / 95Morning Gymnastics at Work and Other Health Programmes / 98Fun and Games / 102The Importance of Hierarchy / 103How to Tell? / 105‘You’ve Got the Wrong Rank! Or the Wrong Age!’ / 109Authority Works Better Than Sympathy / 110When Respect Is Expected, But Not Deserved / 112The General! / 116A Befitting Set of Wheels / 117Envy Culture / 121Today’s Youth… / 122 CHAPTER 6 OF FRIENDS AND DAILY LIFEMaking Local Friends / 127The Third Gender and the Conservative Side of Society / 130Hot Quickly, Cold Quickly / 135National Pride / 136Cleanliness and Recycling / 138Winter and Heating / 140Fans, the Silent Killers? / 147Making International Friends / 149 CHAPTER 7 THE LANGUAGE CHALLENGEObjectively Difficult to Learn / 153There Is Hope-the Ingenious Writing System / 157Educated Guessing Gone Wrong / 161English-English Translation / 163 CHAPTER 8 THE NORTHFrom the DMZ / 167The North in the Media and in the Public Perception -Western Media vs Korea / 169Experiencing the Real North / 170 POST KOREA / 187NOTES / 190

Though there are many books that introduce Korea to foreigners, not many people really know Korea and even less, the Korean people. In many ways, Korea is overshadowed by its two neighbors in size by China in economy by Japan and therefore relatively unknown. So, this book looks at Korea through the perspective of foreigner and gives the reader a true understanding of Korean psyche with the various contents, from the basic facts about Korea to the sections detailing Korean culture and its routine. Also, It explains Korea in a reader friendly way, if your Korean friend were explaining to you what Korea is really like��warts and all! It would be an ideal gift for both the traveler and the working expat in this country. Plus, for anybody who wants to know about TRUE Korea. Über die Autoren CHOI Jung-wha Professor at the Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Korea, she was the first Korean to receive a conference interpretation diploma(Korean, French, English). Currently as president of the Corea Image Communication Institute, she manages the Korea CQ forum which aims to promote a positive image of Korea. She is also a member of the National Image Promotion Board. She received major awards including the Palme Academique and Legion d'Honneur from the French government for her contribution to education, communication and cultural exchange as well as the Prix Danica Seleskovitch from Association of Danica. She also authored numerous books including Interpretation, Translation and Foreign Languages, Dare to Become an Interpreter, Teaching Foreign Languages to Children, English Expressions Most Misunderstood by Koreans. LIM Hyang-ok Currently professor at the Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Korea, she also has interpreted for innumerable conferences including summit meetings such as APEC, ASEAN+3 and UN General Assembly meetings. She is a member of AIIC (Association Internationale des Interpretes de Conference) since 1995. She also acts as a communications consultant providing tailor-made English communication and English language programs. She has also written English for International Conferences and Use the Right Word.

A moving and distressing first-hand account of the terrible massacre that occurred over several days in May 1980 that was to signal the birth of democracy in South Korea and the end of successive military-backed authoritarian governments. After returning to Korea in 2019 for the first time since the 1980 Uprising, the author was shocked to discover that many people he talked to were not aware of the truth of these horrendous events. Some thought it was a Communist insurrection fomented by North Korea; to others it was a student riot; others doubted it ever happened Paul Courtright was there. He saw what happened. He felt duty-bound to reveal the truth. This book is his account. Young Peace Corps volunteer, Paul Courtright was helping leprosy patients in the countryside of South Korea 1980. He enjoyed cooking eggs and listening to music. On his way back home from his medical checkup, he got caught in the middle of Gwangju massacre. Between Peace Corps policy and frustration, he decided to act. He escaped Gwangju to tell the US embassy what was going on there. He couldn't stop writing notes about what he was witnessing. It was the only way he could process what he was seeing. is based on his massive amount of notes. This memoir is not only the record of Gwangju uprising but also a great story of how the incident changed a young man's life in a very short period of time. "We have no voice. You have to be our voice. You have to tell people outside what they’re doing to us.” She glanced around the street, then returned her fearless gaze to me. I was rooted to the spot. I was to be the “witness” and she had given me a clear task. I failed the halmeoni. I was given a responsibility that now, forty years later, I can finally face. I hope I’m not too late. -From the Prologue- About the Author Paul Courtright was a US Peace Corps Volunteer in Jeonnam Province of Korea from 1979-81. He completed his Masters and Doctorate in Public Health focusing on eye diseases and neglected tropical diseases. For 20 years he lived and worked in Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Tanzania establishing, with his wife, the Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology in Moshi, Tanzania. He has published over 250 scientific articles and has received awards from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Premio Vision Mundi de Lucha Contra la Cuguera, and the Antonio Champalimaud Vision Award. He is a professor (adjunct) at the University of Cape Town and currently he is the Trachoma Technical Lead, consulting for Sightsavers, a UK based non-governmental organization. He is married with two sons and currently lives in San Diego. Since 1981 he had continued his relationship with Korea conducting research there with Korean colleagues and a summer epidemiology course at Yonsei University with his wife. His work in Africa has been recognized by the Queen and got invited to England. Contents Dedication 2 Author’s note 3 Prologue 4 Day 1 (Wednesday, May 14): Demonstration curiosity for the uninitiated 6 Day 2 (Thursday, May 15): Demos are neither won nor lost 12 Day 3 (Friday, May 16): Good to be heading home 19 Day 4 (Saturday, May 17): Getting back to normal 27 Day 5 (Sunday, May 18): Disturbing rumors streak across the sky 33 Day 6 (Monday, May 19): Something awful happened here 38 Day 7 (Tuesday, May 20): Getting marching orders and the last bus home 47 Day 8 (Wednesday, May 21): You can push people only so far 54 Day 9 (Thursday, May 22): The mundane and the crazy can easily coexist in the middle of an uprising 67 Day 10 (Friday, May 23): We are all “impure elements” 82 Day 11 (Saturday, May 24): Translating in a mortuary 100 Day 12 (Sunday, May 25): Is there peace to be found heading over the mountain? 119 Day 13 (Monday, May 26): Losing my temper and heading to Seoul 129 Epilogue 139 Acknowledgments 142